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Equatorial Guinea is a small Central African country consisting of a mainland region and several islands in the Gulf of Guinea. The mainland is bordered by Cameroon and Gabon, while the island of Bioko lies farther west near the coast of Cameroon. The country was controlled by Spain for much of the colonial period and gained independence in 1968. Spanish remains an official language, making Equatorial Guinea unusual among African nations. Large offshore oil and natural gas discoveries during the 1990s transformed its economy and created one of the highest levels of economic output per person in Africa. However, the benefits of this resource wealth have been distributed unevenly. The country also produces timber, cocoa, and other agricultural goods. Tropical forests cover much of its territory and support significant biodiversity. Equatorial Guinea has a relatively small population, but its energy resources and strategic location give it economic importance within Central Africa.