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aMAXiMINalist
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Cholecystitis - Inflammation of the cholecyst (gallbladder)
Abrasion - Scrape of the skin due to something abrasive
Ischemia - Lack of blood supply
Acute - New, usually of rapid onset and of concern, opposite of chronic
Auscultate - Listening with a stethoscope
Bradycardia - Slow heart rate (less than 60bpm)
Cardiomegaly - Enlarged heart
Chronic - Long-standing, constant, opposite of acute
COPD - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Lung Dx commonly seen in smokers)
Ambulate - To walk from place to place
Anterior - Located toward front of the body
Artery - Blood vessel carrying blood away from heart
Coronary artery - Artery that supplies heart tissue with blood
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) - Lack of blood supply causing brain damage; stroke
Diaphoresis - Sweating
Diffuse - Everywhere, opposite of focal
Distal - Farther from the trunk of the body
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) - Blood clot within a deep vein, most often an extremity
Dyspnea - Problems with breathing
Dysuria - Painful urination
Ecchymosis – A bruise
Edema - Swelling
Emesis - Vomiting
Febrile - Elevated body temperature, fever, indicative of infection
Benign - Of no danger to health
Bony Tenderness - Pain elicited by pressuring on a bone, opposite of tissue tenderness
Vein - Blood vessel carrying blood toward heart
Vertigo - Condition of dizziness, “room spinning”
Epistaxis - Nose bleed
Erythema/Erythematous - Redness/red
Superior - Higher on the body, higher on the head
Supine - Body position lying face up
Focal - Localized to one specific area, opposite of diffuse
Grossly - Obviously; wholly; a lot
Hematemesis - Very large amount of blood in vomit
Hematuria - Very large amount of blood in urine
Hemoptysis - Coughing up large amount of blood
Hemorrhage - Excessive or profuse bleeding
Hepatomegaly - Enlarged liver
Hypertension - High blood pressure
Infarct - Area of the dead tissue after lack of blood supply
Inferior - Lower on the body, farther from the head
Hypotension - Low blood pressure
Hypoxia - Low oxygen saturation of the body, not enough oxygen in the blood
Incontinence - Accidentally passing urine (urinary incontinence) or stool (bowel incontinence)
Syncope - Passing out, loss of consciousness, fainting
Tachycardia - Fast heart rate (HR greater than 100bpm)
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) - Minor stroke; where neurological function is regained quickly with time
Medial - Nearer to midline
Melena - Black tarry stool
Myocardial Infarction (MI) - Death of cardiac muscle due to ischemia
Myalgia - Muscle pain, “muscle aches”
Palpitations - Feeling a heart-racing, pounding, or fluttering sensation in chest
Point Tenderness - When pressing on an area with one finger generates pain
Oriented x3 - Oriented to person, place, time
Pallor - Pale skin
Laceration - Splitting of the skin due to trauma (a cut due to something sharp)
Lateral - Farther from the midline (a line that can be trace from nose to belly-button)
Palpate - Using hand to press on an area, e.g. palpating the abdomen
Posterior/Dorsal - Rear/backside of body
Proximal - Near trunk of the body
Pruritic - Itchy
Pulmonary Embolism (PE) - Blocking of pulmonary artery due to blot clot
Purulent - Pus-like
Rhinorrhea - Clear nasal discharge, runny nose
Rhonchi - Rattling noise of mucous in nose
Tachypnea - Increased breathing rate
Tenderness - Physician assessment whether area is painful (tender) or not (non-tender)
Rales - Crackles; wet crackling noises in the lungs
Sepsis - Dangerous infection of blood
Soft Tissue Tenderness - Tenderness of a soft tissue; muscle, skin, fat, opposite of bony tenderness
STEMI - ST elevation MI, real-time ongoing death of heart tissue due to ischemia
Wheezing - High-pitched sounds heard in lungs with asthmatics or lung disease