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Urbanisation has been on the increase in the industrially advanced countries. In India this process is going on at a faster speed. Thus, the super-cities like Delhi, Kanpur, Mumbai, Kolkata and most other towns are bursting with large populations. But, these towns and cities are after all limited in living areas and facilities of sanitation and water-supply. As a result, a large number of slums have grown in these towns and cities. These slums have brought in their own problems; disease, crime social and moral decay. Besides, a number of economic and ecological problems have risen in the wake of these slums.
What are the reasons that people leave the clean air and wholesome climate of the villages to live in the polluted atmosphere of cities? Now , one reason is the lack of economic development of villages. No industries have developed in the countryside. The village-folk do not find any job-opportunities in their villages. They find the rural scene without all modern amenities. It may take decades before the villages grown economically. Naturally, people are carried away by the lure of city life. The cinemas, theatres, large show-rooms and crowded markets have a special charm for them.
There is an important economic factor that has led to urbanisation. The only job the village folk have is farming. But, agricultural land is limited. It cannot provide work to all the country people. Naturally, the idle labourers and farm-workers migrate to towns in search of fruitful employment. This wave can be checked if handicrafts and cottage industries are developed in the villages. If there is a will, this task can be achieved problem to set up more small scale and cottage industries in the villages and give employment to the idle villagers.
Here we should try to realize Gandhi's dream of self - sufficient villages. If our villages are sufficing in their living conditions, there would not be any reason for the country people to settle in towns. Besides, the villagers should be acquainted with the benefits of family planning. With small families, they will live in the pure climatic conditions of villages more comfortably than any town dweller can.