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As per Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, employment of children under the age of 14 years is prohibited in notified hazardous occupations and processes. The Act also regulates employment of children in non-hazardous occupations and processes. There are at present 16 hazardous occupations and 65 processes, where employment of children is prohibited.
Some of the important prohibited occupations and processes are carpet weaving building and construction work, brick kilns, production of hosiery goods, work as domestic servants and in tea-shops, road sides eateries, etc. On the advice of the Technical Advisory Committee on Child Labour the Government has in September, 2008, notified inclusion of 1 occupation and 8 processes in the list of Hazardous/Processes which include Diving as Occupation and Exposure to excessive heat (e.g.working near furnace) and cold, Mechanized fishing, Food processing. Beverage Industry, Timber handling, and loading, Mechanical Lumbering, Warehousing, Exposure to free silica such as slate, pencil industry, stone grinding, slate stone mining, stone quarries, agate industry as Processes.
Further, on the recommendations of the Technical Advisory Committee on Child Labour, the Government has shown its intention; vide notification dated 7 June, 2010, to add two more occupations, viz. Circus and Caring of Elephants to the Schedule listing the occupations where employment of children is prohibited. As per the Census 2001, there are 12.6 million economically active children in the age group of 5 to 14 years, of which approximately 0.12 million are working in hazardous occupations. However, as per the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO), the number of child labour in 2004-05 is estimated at 0.89 crores.