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Framing of the Indian Constitution
The idea to have a Constitution was given by MN Roy (A pioneer of Communist Movement in India).
The Constitution was framed by Constituent Assembly of India, set-up on 16th May 1946, in accordance with the cabinet Mission Pan, under the Chairmanship of Sach-chidanand Sinha, initially Dr. Rajender Prasad and HC Mukherjee were elected as the President and Vice-President respectively on 11th December 1946. BN Rau was appointed as the Constitution Advisor.
The total membership of the Constituent Assembly was 389 of these 292 were representatives of British States; 93 were representatives of the Princely States and 4 were from the Chief Commissioners Provinces of Delhi, Ajmer-Merwara, Coorg and British Baluchistan.
The Chairman of Drafting Committee was Dr. BR Ambedkar, also known as the Father of the Indian Constitution.
The Constituent Assembly took 2 years, 11 months and 18 days to complete the Constitution.
Some of the provisions related to citizenship, elections, provisional Parliament etc were given immediate effect.
The Constitution is adopted on 26th November 1949, contained a Preamble 395 Articles. Articles divided into 22 Parts and 8 Schedules. Presently, it has 465 Articles divided into 26 Parts and 12 Schedules.
The Constitution was delayed until 26th January because in 1929, on this day Indian National Congress demanded Poorna Swaraj in Lahore Session, Chaired by JL Nehru.
The Constitution came into force on 26th January 1950, known as Republic day of India. The Constituent Assembly adopted our National Flag on 22nd July 1947. It was designed by Pingali Venkayya.
The Preamble
"WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into SOVEREIGN, SOCIALIST, SECULAR, DEMOCRATIC, REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens:
JUSTICE, Social, Economic and Political
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November 1949 do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION."