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Udham Singh was born as Sher Singh on 26 December 1899, at Sunam in the Sangrur district of Punjab, India, to a kamboj family. His father, Tehal Singh Kamboj, was a railway crossing watchman in the village of Upalli.
After his father's death, Singh and his elder brother, Mukta Singh Kamboj, Were taken in by the Central Khalsa Orphanage Putlighar in Amritsar. At the orphanage, Singh was administered the Sikh initiatory rites and received the name of Udham Singh. He passed his matriculation examination in 1918 and left the orphanage in 1919.
On 13 March 1940, Michael O'Dwyer was scheduled to speak at a joint meeting of the East India Association and the Central Asian Society (now Royal Society for Asian Affairs) at Caxton Hall, London. Singh concealed a revolver he had earlier purchased from a soldier in a pub inside his jacket pocket, then entered the hall, and found an open seat. As the meeting concluded, Singh shot O'Dwyer twice as he moved towards the speaking platform. One of these bullets passed through O'Dwyer's heart and right lung, killing him almost immediately. Others injured in the shooting included Sir Louis Dane, Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland, and Charles Cochrane-Baillie, 2nd Baron Lamington. Singh was arrested and tried for the killing. Udham singh believed in creating drama and furor to draw attention. He tried to kill O'Dwyer and Zetland (who was secretary of State for India affairs in 1919), together to draw attention to British atrocities in India.
On 1 April 1940, Udham Singh Kamboj was formally charged with the murder of Michael O'Dwyer, and remanded in custody at Brixton Prison.