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Education In British India
After the decline of the Mugal empire the progress of education in India slowed down. The establishment of the East India Company in India had adversely affected our educational system and institutions. But when the British parliament compelled it to devote its attention to India’s educational system, it tried to support the existing system.
1. Establishment of Educational institutions by East India Company:
The East India Company’s charter of 1698 had directed the company to maintain schools of the kind called St. Mary’s Charity school. One such school was started in Madras in 1715. In 1725, European Christian Missionaries had established seventeen schools for the children of the heretics (Hindus) and Muslims and Four missionary schools for the Christians in 1804, the London missionary society established English schools in Ceylon, southern India and Bengal.
The Christian missionaries established their centre at ‘Serampore’ sixteen miles away from Calcutta. They directed their educational activities from Serampore to convert Indians to Christianity.
The missionaries had rendered valuable service to the cause of education in India. It was due to their efforts that the first Missionary college was set up at Serampore in 1818, and the Bishop’s college was established in Calcutta in 1820.
In 1781, Warren Hastings the first Governor General of India, founded the ‘Calcutta Madarsah’ to teach the sons of the Muslims through the Arabic medium for responsible and lucrative officers. In 1791, Jonathan Duncan, the British Resident at Banaras established a college for teaching laws, literatures and religion to the Hindus and specially to supply qualified Hindu Assistants to European Judges in 1784. Sir, William Jones with the help of Warren Hastings founded’ The Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal in Calcutta.
In 1816 Raja Ram Mohan Roy together with David, a judge of the Supreme Court established Hindu college which late developed into the famous presidency college in 1817. He also started an English school at Calcutta to give free education to Hindu children.