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Mount Everest is the highest mountain peak in the world which is famously known as Sagarmatha in Nepali and Sanskrit. Like other high peaks in the region, Mount Everest has long been revered by local people. Its most common Tibetan name, Chomolungma, means Goddess Mother of the World or Goddess of the Valley. The
Sanskrit name Sagarmatha means literally Peak of Heaven. Its identity as the highest point on the earths surface was not recognized, however, until 1852, when the governmental Survey of India established that fact. As of 2017, more that 7,600 people have reached the top of the top mountain. The Himalayas themselves started rising about twenty five to thirty million years ago, and the Great Himalayas began to take their present form during the Pleistocene Epoch. Everest and its surrounding peaks are part of a large mountain massif that forms a focal point, or knot, of this tectonic action in the Great Himalayas. Information from global positioning instruments in place on Everest since the late 1990s indicates that the mountain continues to move a few inches to the northeast and rise a fraction of an inch every year. Mount Everest is composed of multiple layers of rock folded back on themselves. Everest is shaped like a three sided pyramid. The three generally flat planes constituting the sides are called faces, and the line by which two faces join is known as a ridge. The North Face rises above Tibet and is bounded by the North Ridge and the West Ridge, key features of this side of the mountain include the Great and Hornbein couloirs and the North Col at the start of the North Right. The Southwest Face rises above Nepal and is bounded by the West Ridge and the Southeast. The summit of Everest Itself is covered by rock hard snow surmounted by a layer softer snow that fluctuates annually by 5 to 20 feet. The snow level is highest in September and lowest in May after having been depleted by the strong north westerly winter winds. The summit and upper slopes sit so high in the earths atmosphere that the amount of breathable oxygen there is one third what it is at sea level. Lack of oxygen, powerful winds,and cold temperatures preclude the development of any plant or animal life there. The mountains drainage pattern radiates to the southwest, north, and east. The Khumbu Glacier melts into the Lobujya river of Nepal, which flows southward, as the Imja River to its confluence with the Dudh Kosi River. In Tibet the Rong River Originates from the Pumori and Rongbuk glaciers and the Kama River from the Kangshung Glacier both flow into the Arun River.