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India is situated in South Asia, which comprises majority of the Indian sub continent. India has a coastline which stretches over seven kilometer and shares its borders with Pakistan to the west; the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; Bhutan to the north east and Bangladesh and Myanmar on the east. On the Indian Ocean, India is adjacent to the island nations of the Maldives on the south west; Sri Lanka on the south, and Indonesia on the south east. India also claims a border with Afghanistan to the north west. The official name of the country, India, is derived from the river Indus. As a growing power India depends extensively on her relationship with the countries in and around her neighbourhood. Maintenance of peace and security within and outside its immediate borders at a satisfactory level is a prerequisite to create the conditions necessary for one billion citizens of the country to help them enjoy the fruits of economic growth and social development. The first four decades after independence were truly difficult years. As a new nation emerging from the throngs of two centuries of colonialism, which had sapped the country's progress, the impact of centrifugal and unstable forces in the country and its neighbourhood, made the task of economic and social development a steep and arduous journey. External and internal conflicts during this period added to the burden of our nascent emerging economy designed to fulfill the aspirations of the new found freedom of our people. Despite this truly difficult situation, the grew in slow measure and we largely avoided large scale crisis. However, our growth was stunted in this period and this no doubt contributed to large swathes of our population remaining under grinding poverty. At the end of Cold War period, the country achieved moderate results in its efforts to promote education, health care and empowerment of women.