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GowthamkumarPanem
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The Indus River Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, extended from modern-day northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India. Important innovations of this civilization include standardized weights and measures, seal carving, and metallurgy with copper bronz, lead and tin. Some Little is understood about the Indus scope and hence little is known about the Indus River Valley Civilizations institutions and systems of governance In 1856 British colonial officials in India were busy monitoring the constriction of a railway connecting the cities of Lahore and Karachi in modern-day Pakistan along the Indus River valley AS they continued to work, some of the labourer discovered many fire-beaked bricks lodged in dry terrain There were hundreds of thousands of fairly uniform tricks, which seemed to be quite old Nonetheless, the workers used some of them to construct the rood bed, unaware that they were using ancient artifacts. They soon found among the bricks stone artifacts made of soapstone, featuring intricate artistic markings Though they did not know it then and enough the first major excavations did not take place until the 1920s, these railway workers had happened upon the remnants of the Indus Valley Civilization, also known a the Harappan Civilization after Harappan, the first of its sites to be excavated in what was then the Punjab province of British India and is now in Pakistan Initially many archaeologists thought they had found ruins the ancient Maury Empire a large empire which dominated ancient India between 322 and 185 BCE. Before the excavation of thee Harappan cities, scholars thought that Indian civilization had begun in the Ganges valley as Aryan immigrant from Persia and central Asia populated the region around 1250 BCE. The discovery of ancient Harappan cities unsettled that conception and moved the timeline back another 1500 year, saluting the Indus Valley Civilization in an entirely different environmental context. Scholars are still piece together information about this my stenous civilization but they have learned a great deal about it since its rediscovery Its origins seem to lie in settlement named Mehrgarh in the foothills of a mountain pass in modern day Balochistan in western Pakistan The Indus Valley Civilization is often separated into three phases the Early Harappan Phase from the nature Harappan Phase and the Late Harappan Phase from 1900 to 1300 ECE At its peak. the Indus Valley Civilization nay have had a population of over five million people The Indus cities are rioted for their urban planning a technical and political process concern with the use of land and design of the urban environment They are also noted for their baked brick houses elaborate drainage systems, water supply Systems, and clusters of large, non residential buildings.