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The Indian Constitution established a judicial system
that is integrated as well as independent.
The Supreme Court stands at the top of the integrated
judicial system in the country. Below it,
there are high courts at the state level.
Under a high court, there is a hierarchy
of subordinate courts, that is, district courts
and other lower courts. This single system
of courts enforces both the central laws as
well as the state laws, unlike in USA, where
the federal laws are enforced by the state
judiciary.
The Supreme Court is a federal court, the highest court of appeal, the guarantor of the fundamental
rights of the citizens and the guardian of the constitution. Hence, the Constitution has made various
provisions to ensure its independence security of tenure of the judges, fixed service conditions for
the judges, all the expenses of the Supreme Court charged on the Consolidated Fund of India, prohibition
on discussion on the conduct of judges in the legislatures, ban on practice after retirement, power to
punish for its contempt vested in the Supreme Court, separation of the judiciary from the executive, and so on.