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AnkitKumar1635414
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The second but most powerful organ of the government is the Executive. It is that organ which implements the laws passed by the legislature and the policies of the government. In common usage, people tend to identify the executive with the government. In contemporary times, there has been a huge increase in the powers and role of the executive in every state. The term Executive has been defined both in its broad and narrow forms. Firstly, in a broad form, it includes all the government officials, political personnel and civil servants who take up the implementation of policies and laws and also the administration of the state. In the narrow form, it includes only executive heads, that is, the ministers. They are also known as political executives. These people are the heads of the government. They are also responsible for formulating policies and supervising the implementation of such policies. This does not include civil services or its administrative functions. For the political scientists ideally, only the narrow meaning of executive was accepted. But with the modern changing dynamics of state governance, Civil Services are also included as part of executive along with the Political executive. There are two types of executive, namely political executive and permanent executive. The political executive. The executive head of the state and other heads of the executive departments constitute political executives or ministers. They are mostly elected representative of the people and responsible for all their decisions and policies before the public. Political executives work for a fixed tenure of about five years. It acts as a temporary executive in the sense that it changes after every election. After completing one tenure, ministers have to again contest elections. They can again become ministers only when the party to which they belong returns to power as the majority party. The ministers are non experts and non professionals. Their function is to formulate policies and get these policies and laws approved from the Legislature. Thereafter, these policies and laws of the State are implemented by the civil servants, who work under the control of political executive. The non political permanent executive. It consists of the civil servants from the lowest to the highest levels. It carries out the day to day administration by working in the government departments. The civil servants are politically neutral. They do not owe commitment to any political party. Their job is to carry out the laws and policies of the government without any political consideration.