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In ancient India, astronomy and mathematics were remarkably developed. It produced great astronomers and mathematicians like Varahamihira, Aryabhatta, and Bhaskara etc. They contributed a lot to knowledge of heavenly bodies. Their calculations were accurate and reliable. They know that the earth revolved around the sun on its axis. They could forecast eclipse with accuracy. Their astronomical knowledge was deep and of far-reaching consequences. The 17th century observatories of Jaipur, Delhi etc., constructed on a big scale were equipped with very accurate instruments. These suggests that there were their counterparts In ancient days as well. Zero and decimal system of numerals were invented by the ancient Indian Scientists and mathematicians. Indians were the first to understand the mathematical implications of zero and infinity. These are the very foundations on which modern space research and exploration is said to based.
Vedic literature is full of significant references to 'antariksha' and 'askasha' the intermediate space between heaven and earth, the atmosphere, the sky, the open space, vacuity, the either etc. In the Ramayana Rama travels in an aerial chariot called 'Pushpaka' from Lanka to Ayodhya. Ravana having abducted Sita travels through skies. Similarly, the Mahabharata is replete with space-stories and adventures. there is an interesting anecdote in the Mahabharata which wonderfully allegorically. Bhima, physically the most powerful of the 5 Pandava princes, caught hold of an elephant by one of its feet and swirling hurled it into the space and it never fell on earth.
India now ranks sixth after the U.S., Russia, France, Japan and China in the world, and second in the developing countries in the matter of satellite launching into low earth orbit, India made a modest beginning in 1963 with the launch of Rohini sounding rockets. Since then, Indian scientists produced the world's most advance remote sensing satellite IRS-1C which was successfully put into Orbit afloat a Russian rocket on December 28, 1995. It is equipped with the panchromatic camera (PAN) which will send pictures of the earth with a resolution of 6 meters, the highest available today in the world.