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Water purification, process by which undesired chemical compounds, organic and inorganic materials, and biological
contaminants are removed from water. That process also includes distillation and deionization. One major purpose of
water purification is to provide clean drinking water. Water purification also meets the needs of medical, pharmacological,
chemical, and industrial applications for clean and potable water. The purification procedure reduces the concentration of
contaminants such as suspended particles, parasites, bacteria, algae, viruses, and fungi. Water purification takes place
on scales from the large to the small. Water from inlets located in the water supply, such as a lake, is sent to the mixed,
coagulated, and flocculated and is then sent to the waterworks for purification by filtering and chemical treatment. After
being treated it is pumped into water mains for storage or distribution. Most communities rely on natural bodies of water
as intake sources for water purification and for day to day use. In general, these resources can be classified as
groundwater or surface water and commonly includes underground aquifers, creeks, streams, rivers, and lakes. With
recent technological advancements, oceans and saltwater seas have also been used as alternative water sources for
drinking and domestic use. Historical evidence suggests that water treatment was recognized and practiced by ancient
civilizations. Basic treatment for water purification have been documented in Greek and Sanskrit writings, and Egyptians
used alum for precipitation as early as fifteen hundred BCE. In modern times, the quality to which water must be purified
is typically set by government agencies. Whether set locally, nationally, or internationally, government standards typically
set maximum concentrations of harmful contaminants that can be allowed in safe water. Since it is nearly impossible to
examine water simply on the basis of appearance, multiple processes, such as physical, chemical, or biological analyses