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Accepted, this country under a Constitution and a Preamble proclaiming the securing of fundamental rights to its citizens, will be without them. The individual rights which ensure political rights of the citizens in a democracy may have to be subordinated to some extent to the Directive Principles for achieving social objectives but they are not to be enslaved and driven out of existence. Such could not have been contemplated as being within the scope of the amending power. 1249. Although Article 31A protected the laws coming within its purview from the rights conferred by Article 19, such a protection could only be against the rights conferred by Clauses (f) and (g) of Article 19(1), as its subjected-matter was expressly stated to be the acquisition of or extinguishment or modification of rights in any estate as defined in Clause (2) thereof, and the taking over or amalgamation or termination etc., of rights of management and certain leasehold interests. Article 31C protects laws giving effect to the policies in Article 39(b) & (c). For achieving these twin objects the rights of the persons that have to be abridged could only be those rights in Article 19 which relate to property and trade, business, profession or occupation. Though the expression 'economic system' is used in Article 39(c), that article has not the object of changing the economic system generally, but is confined to only preventing concentration of wealth and means of production to the common detriment. What this Clause envisages is that the State should secure the operation of the economic system in such a way as not to result in the concentration of wealth and means of production to the common detriment Where there is already concentration of wealth and means of production which is to the common detriment, the law under Article 39(c) would be only to break up or regulate as may be necessary the concentration of wealth and means of production. All other rights are outside the purview of Article 31C and in this respect Article 31A and Article 31C can be said to be similar in scope and no different. In my view, therefore, the learned Solicitor- General has rightly submitted that the law under Article 31C will only operate on "material resources", "concentration of wealth", and "means of production", and if this is so, the rights in Article 19(1)(a) to (e) would have no relevance and are inapplicable. 1250. With respect to the exclusion of Article 31 by Article 31C, Clause (1) of Article 31 is not in fact affected by Article 31C, because under the latter any rights affected must be by law only. Even if Article 31C was enacted for making laws in the furtherance of the directive principles in Article 39(b) and (c) affecting property, those laws have to conform to Article 31(1) for they would be laws depriving persons of their property. Article 31C also contemplates the making of a law to give effect to the Directives in Article 39(b) and (c). In so far as Article 31(2) is concerned.