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Renal vein thrombosis in kidney transplantation. Colour Doppler ultrasound shows absence of flow in the main renal vein and reversal of diastolic flow in the main renal artery.
Well defined hypo-echoic solid mass with diffuse mircocalcifications in the thyroid gland. Dx: Papillary thyroid cancer. Papillary thyroid cancer is an epithelial cell cancer that accounts for approximately 80% of all thyroid cancers. Most prevalent in young females. On USS it appears hypo echoic, with micro calcifications, and hypervascularity. The "snow storm" appearance or diffuse micro calcifications in a hypo-echoic nodule has been specification describe with papillary thyroid cancer. It commonly spread to the cervical lymph nodes. The cervical lymph node metastasis may contain echogenic foci representing micro calcifications or cystic degeneration. To mortality rate form papillary thyroid cancer after 20 years is approximately 6%.
Complete molar pregnancy with bilateral theca lutein cysts. TA evaluation of the gravid uterus reveals an echogenic heterogenous mass with multifocal small cystic spaces filling the endometrial canal. In conjunction with this, the ovaries demonstrate frank enlargement with essential replacement by multiple, large cysts. Complete molar pregnancy is most often associated with a 46, XX karyotype supplied by all paternal chromosomes. At pathological evaluation, there is no associated fetal development, with only abnormal villi seen. Markedly elevated bhCG resulting from excessive trophoblastic proliferation cases characteristic symptoms, included hyperemesis gravidarum. The most frequent present symptom is vaginal bleeding, seen in >90% cases. Characteristic imaging features of complete molar pregnancy as as above with an echogenic mass containing multiple tiny cystic spaces representing hydropic villi within the abnormal tissue. Theca lutein cysts are an associated finding in 15% to 30% of complete moles as a result of hyperstimulation of the ovaries owing to excessive amounts of circulating serum bCH. 20% of complete molar pregnancies will develop persistent gestation trophoblastic disease. This includes invasive mole, choriocarcinoma and placental site trophoblastic tumour.