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Management is a very popular term and has been used extensively for all
types of activities and mainly for taking charge of different activities in any
enterprise. As you have seen from the above example and case study that
management is an activity which is necessary wherever there is a group of
people working in an organisation. People in organisations are performing
diverse tasks but they are all working towards the same goal. Management
aims at guiding their efforts towards achieving a common objective a goal.
Thus, management has to see that tasks are completed and goals are
achieved with the least amount of resources at a minimum cost.
Management is essential for all organisations big or small, profit or nonprofit, services or manufacturing. Management is necessary so that
individuals make their best contribution towards group objectives.
Management consists of a series of interrelated functions that are performed
by all managers. Later in this chapter you will understand that although both
of them are managers, they function at different levels in the organisation.
The time spent by managers in different functions however is different.
Managers at the top level spend more time in planning and organising than
managers at lower levels of the organisation. Management, has therefore,
been defined as a process of getting things done with the aim of achieving
goals effectively and efficiently. We need to analyse this definition. There are
certain terms which require elaboration. Process in the definition means the
primary functions or activities that management performs to get things done.
These functions are planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling.
In other words, it is concerned with the end result. The Berlin Wall, which had
been built at the height of the Cold War and was its greatest symbol, was
toppled by the people in
1989. This dramatic event was followed by an equally dramatic and historic
chain of events that led to the collapse of the second world and the end of
the Cold War. Germany, divided after the Second World War, was unified.
One after another, the eight East European countries that were part of the
Soviet bloc replaced their communist governments in response to mass
demonstrations. The Soviet Union stood by as the Cold War began to end,
not by military means but as a result of mass actions by ordinary men and
women. Eventually the Soviet Union itself disintegrated. The causes and the
consequences of the disintegration of the second world.