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The walls of the chambers of the heart are made up of muscles. These
muscles contract and relax rhythmically. This rhythmic contraction followed
by its relaxation constitute a heartbeat. Remember that heartbeats continue
every moment of our life. If you place your hand on the left side of your chest,
you can feel your heartbeat. The doctor feels your heartbeats with the help of
an instrument called a stethoscope. A doctor uses the stethoscope as a
heart by listening through a stethoscope. The rhythmic beating of the various
chambers of the heart maintain circulation of blood and transport of
substances to the different parts of the body. When our cells perform their
functions, certain waste products are released. These are toxic and hence
need to be removed from the body. The process of removal of wastes
produced in the cells of the living organisms is called excretion. The parts
involved in excretion form the excretory system. device to amplify the sound
of the heart. It consists of a chest piece that carries two ear pieces and a
tube joining the parts. Doctors can get clues about the condition of your The
waste which is present in the blood has to be removed from the body. A
mechanism to filter the blood is required. This is done by the blood capillaries
in the kidneys. When the blood reaches the two kidneys, it contains both
useful and harmful substances. The useful substances are absorbed back
into the blood. The wastes dissolved in water are removed as urine. From the
kidneys, the urine goes into the urinary bladder through contains water and
salts. Boojh has seen that sometimes in summer, white patches are formed
on our clothes, especially in areas like underarms. These marks are left by
salts present in the sweat. As per constitution, India is a sovereign, socialist,
secular and democratic republic. To fulfill the objective of making India a
democratic republic, provisions have been made for the election of the
president. But it was necessary for constitution makers to make president
symbolic head due to the adoption of parliamentary style of governance. It
was decided that actual powers shall lie with prime minister and his cabinet
and president shall only symbolically preside over as the head of the state.
Hence it was decided that president should not be directly elected by people.
As per Nehru, since president is only a symbolic head, efforts of electing him
through votes of general public shall be meaningless. Also a directly elected
president could have become a threat to the Govt. and to the parliamentary
system