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Ukraine is a large Eastern European country bordered by Russia, Belarus, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Moldova, with access to the Black Sea in the south. Its capital, Kyiv, is one of the oldest cities in the region and has long served as a cultural and political center. Historically, the territory was part of early East Slavic states, later influenced by the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Russian Empire, and the Soviet Union. Ukraine declared independence in 1991 following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Since then, it has worked to establish democratic institutions and a market economy while managing complex political and security challenges. The economy includes agriculture, energy, manufacturing, and services, with fertile land supporting major grain production. Ukraine’s position between Europe and Russia has shaped its strategic importance, influencing both domestic development and international relations in the modern era.