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A supernova is a cataclysmic stellar explosion that marks the end of a star's life cycle. These events are so energetic that they can briefly outshine an entire galaxy, radiating more energy in seconds than our Sun will produce in billions of years. Scientists categorize them into two main types: Type I, which occurs in binary systems when a white dwarf accumulates too much mass, and Type II, caused by the gravitational collapse of a massive star's iron core. Beyond their sheer power, supernovae are essential "cosmic factories"; they forge heavy elements like gold and iron, scattering them across space to seed the formation of new planets and eventually, life itself.