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Artificial Intelligence officially began at the 1956 Dartmouth Summer Research Project, where John McCarthy coined the term and pioneers like Marvin Minsky and Claude Shannon gathered to explore machine logic. This followed Alan Turing’s 1950 proposal that machines could eventually simulate human thought, shifting the concept from science fiction to scientific inquiry. Early breakthroughs, such as the Logic Theorist and Arthur Samuel’s checkers program, demonstrated that computers could solve problems and "learn" through experience rather than just following rigid instructions. These first steps focused on symbolic reasoning, fueled by an optimistic belief that human intelligence could be fully mapped and coded into software. This era established the core ambition of the field: creating systems capable of performing tasks that typically require a human mind.