每分钟单词数
26
SHRAVAN_KUMAR_YADAV
00:00
速度
Globally, climate change is expected to lead to an increase in mean sea level and changes in frequency, intensity and spatial patterns of temperature, precipitation, and other meteorological phenomena, such as wind and cloud cover. Local and regional climate variability means that the magnitudes of different climate related impacts inevitably vary from city to city.
The type of impacts and their magnitude will differ according to the location of the urban area, but some key impacts, from a review of a wide range of sources are now highlighted. The most pressing issues of relevance to engineers seeking to adapt cities strategically are outline below.
Sea level rise (including the effects of changes to storm surges) will increase the risk of storm-surge flooding and rates of coastal erosion, thereby threatening beaches, coastal settlements, and wetlands. Raised sea levels can also lead to saline intrusion into freshwater aquifers and impeded drainage of extreme flows in urban drainage systems and rivers.
Water availability will decrease in many areas, with implications for water resources in term of both quality (and concomitant implications for health and aquatic ecosystems) and availability for human consumption, industry, and neighboring agricultural areas.