Some kind or trade and commerce by barter between individuals and tribes prevailed even while civilization was yet in its infancy. Who can say when and where he first market made its appearance? As the arts of life grew and multiplied, trade and commerce also developed in various forms and directions. The barbarous and savage man entered the feudal age and the feudal stage of civilization. The mercantile age succeeded the feudal age, resulting in brisker and more varied trade and commerce. The closing years of the seventeenth and the opening years of the eighteenth century were marked by the Industrial Revolution. This meant a simultaneous or a parallel revolution in trade and commerce also. England was the first country to represent this great change. Within a few decades, France, Germany and, on a smaller scale, some other European countries, entered the field of world trade and commerce. The railway and the steamship and power-driven mills and factories, incredibly increased the speed, the volume and the variety of European trade commerce. The Capitalistic age had begun. Asia which was still in the feudal and maercantile stage of its economics was left far behind. As a result of competition and conquest Asiatic trade and commerce fell on lean and languishing years. Only in the opening years of the twentieth century Amercia and Japan entered the field of competition in the international trade and commerce. It has been said the capital know no country. Consequently India which had become a subject country also stepped into the orbit of mechanized trade and commerce. But here the pace was slow. All the same, industrial centers like Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Allahabad, Kanpur and Tatanagar grew and developed. And now China is developing very fast. Cheap and quick locomotion, and national and international banking system and exchange have immensely multiplied the pace and the volume of national and international trading and commercial activities. Even agriculture and cottage industries have undergone a revolution as a result of scientific and technological progress. The world of trade and commerce is moving today with lighting speed. And herein lays the main and decisive difference between ancient and modern trade and commerce. The difference is evident in cheap, quick and plentiful production, and in quick worldwide means of transport. Of course there are checks and balances introduced from time to time by various countries and governments in national interest. In ancient trade and commerce, time was not such a decisive and determining factor as it is now. Ancient trade and commerce moved in a leisurely fashion. Now the speed and mobility of commercial and trading enterprises are so great that time is of the very essence of the whole things. Goods and money in modern trade and industry move and circulate with the rapidity of a last going railway train. Foresight efficiency, imagination, constant all-round vigilance, bold but careful planning, commercial integrity, trade pacts and agreements, both on private and government leaves-all these mark modern trade and commerce. If modern trade an commerce had the speed of the trade and commerce of the earlier centuries, the whole fabric of modern business would collapse. The average man of today needs hundreds of more things than even the wealthy man of bygone ages. But we should seen to it that civilization does not get out of breath as a result of the high pressure at which work is being carried on in the present-day sphere of commerce and trade.