In Ancient India, mathematics was only used in an applied role, and studied for its own stake - primarily to formulate mathematical methods to solve architectural problems or to supplement studies of other branches of science. However, the intensity and depth with which these mathematical studies have been conducted, has amazed and stunned the world of mathematics ever since it has been discovered. Vedic Mathematics, as it is commonly known today, was used to understand astronomical phenomena (as in determining timings of festivals and rituals), solve architectural problems (as in the constructions of Harappa), for astrology (as in the works of Jain mathematicians), for medicinal compositions (as in Ayurveda), and even in the construction of Vedic altars (as in Shulbasūtra of Baudhāyana). Vedic Mathematics, or simply Vedic Maths, finds its applications not only in arithmatic, but also in algebra, geometry, trigonometry, calculus and applied mathematics. Contrary to common belief, Vedic Mathematics is not an alternate numeral system, or even methodology. It is a set of mathematical rules formulated to supplement the usual methods of calculations. Vedic Mathematical Sūtras provide simple, straight-forward alternates to calculate, the otherwise cumbersome and complicated calculations: