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indian judiciary
created Apr 15th 2020, 08:16 by Sangram
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The judiciary is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law. The role of the court system is to decide cases, including the determination of the relevant facts, then the determination of the relevant law and the application of the relevant facts to the relevant law. The Indian Judiciary administers a common law system in which customs, securities and legislation, all codify the law of the land. It has in fact, inherited the legacy of the legal system established by the then colonial powers and the princely states since the mid-19th century, and has partly retained characteristics of practices from the ancient[2] and medieval times.[3]
Currently the Indian Judicial system is totally managed and administrated by the officers of Judicial Service unlikely from history where the ICS officers were also the part of judicial system. As per the Constitution of India judicial service in India is among the arm of All India Services but due to various obstruction the judges appointed through respective state public commission service or by High Court up to the post of District Judge where as Judges of High Court & Supreme Court are appointed by President of India on the recommendation of Collegium. The Judicial system of India are classified into three hierarchy with sub part also.
The Supreme Court of India, also known as the Apex Court is the top and the Chief Justice of India is the top authority & last appellate court in India followed by High Courts as top judicial authority in states controlled and managed by Chief Justice of States with similar power as of SC at some extent and last is District Courts also known as subordinate court controlled and managed by District & Session Judge under the full supervision and direction of High Court. The Subordinate court further classified into two- Civil Court in which Sub-Judge is the head followed by Munsif at lower, another is criminal court functioned by Chief Judicial/ Metropolitan Magistrate at top assisted by ACJM /ACMM & JM/MM at lower level.
The another court is executive & revenue court which are managed and controlled by state government through District Magistrate & Commissioner respectively. Although the executive courts are not the part of judiciary but various provision & judgement empower High Court & Session Judges to inspect or direct the working of executive courts.
Books two to six form the oldest portion of the epic, while the first and last books (Bala Kand and Uttara Kand, respectively) are later additions: style differences and narrative contradictions between these two volumes and the rest of the epic have led scholars since Hermann Jacobi to the present toward this consensus.[15] The author or authors of Bala kanda and Ayodhya kanda appear to be familiar with the eastern Gangetic basin region of northern India and with the Kosala, Mithila and Magadha regions during the period of the sixteen Mahajanapadas, based on the fact that the geographical and geopolitical data accords with what is known about the region.
Currently the Indian Judicial system is totally managed and administrated by the officers of Judicial Service unlikely from history where the ICS officers were also the part of judicial system. As per the Constitution of India judicial service in India is among the arm of All India Services but due to various obstruction the judges appointed through respective state public commission service or by High Court up to the post of District Judge where as Judges of High Court & Supreme Court are appointed by President of India on the recommendation of Collegium. The Judicial system of India are classified into three hierarchy with sub part also.
The Supreme Court of India, also known as the Apex Court is the top and the Chief Justice of India is the top authority & last appellate court in India followed by High Courts as top judicial authority in states controlled and managed by Chief Justice of States with similar power as of SC at some extent and last is District Courts also known as subordinate court controlled and managed by District & Session Judge under the full supervision and direction of High Court. The Subordinate court further classified into two- Civil Court in which Sub-Judge is the head followed by Munsif at lower, another is criminal court functioned by Chief Judicial/ Metropolitan Magistrate at top assisted by ACJM /ACMM & JM/MM at lower level.
The another court is executive & revenue court which are managed and controlled by state government through District Magistrate & Commissioner respectively. Although the executive courts are not the part of judiciary but various provision & judgement empower High Court & Session Judges to inspect or direct the working of executive courts.
Books two to six form the oldest portion of the epic, while the first and last books (Bala Kand and Uttara Kand, respectively) are later additions: style differences and narrative contradictions between these two volumes and the rest of the epic have led scholars since Hermann Jacobi to the present toward this consensus.[15] The author or authors of Bala kanda and Ayodhya kanda appear to be familiar with the eastern Gangetic basin region of northern India and with the Kosala, Mithila and Magadha regions during the period of the sixteen Mahajanapadas, based on the fact that the geographical and geopolitical data accords with what is known about the region.
