The rise of China in the 21st century is one of the most significant events in global politics and economics. China, once a closed and underdeveloped nation, has transformed into the world’s second-largest economy through consistent high growth rates, industrialization, and technological advancements. Its Belt and Road Initiative connects Asia, Africa, and Europe, expanding China’s trade and strategic influence globally. China has invested heavily in infrastructure, education, and manufacturing, making it the “factory of the world” while also emerging as a leader in renewable energy and digital technology. Militarily, China has modernized its forces, asserting its claims in the South China Sea and strengthening its position in Asia. This rise has challenged the unipolar world order led by the United States, creating a new phase of great power competition. China’s focus on soft power through cultural exchanges and economic partnerships in Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia has further expanded its influence. However, the rise of China also faces challenges such as an aging population, environmental degradation, and internal socio-political issues. Its assertive foreign policy has led to tensions with neighboring countries and the West, impacting global trade and security. The rise of China has reshaped global supply chains, created opportunities for developing countries through trade, and brought a shift in global power dynamics. As China continues to grow, it will play a central role in shaping the future of global governance, technology, and economics, influencing the direction of the 21st-century world.