Ecuador is a South American country bordered by Colombia, Peru, and the Pacific Ocean. It is named after the equator, which runs directly through its territory, and is one of the most geographically diverse nations for its size. The country contains sections of the Amazon rainforest, the Andes mountains, and the famous Galapagos Islands, whose unique wildlife inspired Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. The capital, Quito, sits high in the Andes and is known for its well-preserved colonial architecture, while Guayaquil serves as the main port and economic hub. Spanish is the official language, though many Indigenous languages, including Quechua, are also spoken. Ecuador's economy depends on oil, agriculture, and tourism, with exports such as bananas, flowers, and cacao gaining global recognition. The nation is also known for its cultural festivals, traditional weaving, and the concept of "Buen Vivir," which emphasizes harmony between people, community, and nature.