Punjab, whose name means “Land of Five Rivers,” has a rich and ancient history. The region was one of the earliest centers of human civilization, home to the Indus Valley Civilization around 2500 BCE. Cities like Harappa show that Punjab had advanced town planning, trade, and culture in ancient times. Over centuries, Punjab saw the rise and fall of many rulers. It was influenced by Aryans, Persians, Greeks under Alexander the Great, Maurya's, Guptas, and later the Mughals. During the medieval period, Punjab became an important center of spirituality. Sikhism was founded here in the 15th century by Guru Nanak Dev Ji, promoting equality, service, and devotion. The Sikh Gurus played a major role in shaping Punjab’s social and religious identity. In the 18th century, Maharaja Ranjit Singh established the Sikh Empire, making Punjab a strong and independent kingdom. During British rule, Punjab became an important agricultural region. In 1947, the Partition of India divided Punjab between India and Pakistan, causing large-scale migration and suffering. Today, Punjab is known for its vibrant culture, rich traditions, agriculture, and brave history.